Download FREE Notes - https://www.eksaval.com
Bhushan Science NEET App - https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.sansa.mueeh
Bhushan Science Exam App - https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.app.testseries.bhushanscienceexams
Bhushan Science Plus App - https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.loki.lvwwd
FREE Study Material - https://www.eksaval.com
Who is Bhushan Science - https://www.bhushanscience.com
These courses are designed by the Bhushan Science and for benefit of the students belongs to Nursing, Pharmacy, Medical and Paramedical.
Join Pharmacology Master Class 2021 (For Medical, Nursing and Pharmacy) - http://on-app.in/app/oc/81813/lvwwd
Join MSN MASTER class - http://on-app.in/app/oc/65221/lvwwd
Join Anatomy & P…
Adverse drug reactions
Jamie J Coleman, professor of clinical pharmacology and medical educationA and Sarah K Pontefract, research pharmacistB
Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer
This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.
Go to:
ABSTRACT
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remain a challenge in modern healthcare, particularly given the increasing complexity of therapeutics, an ageing population and rising multimorbidity. This article summarises some of the key facts about ADRs and explores aspects relating to their prevention, diagnosis, reporting and management in current clinical practice.
KEYWORDS: Adverse drug reactions, clinical pharmacology, drug-related side effects and adverse reactions, pharmacovigilance, adverse drug reaction reporting systems
Go to:
Key points
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) – unintended, harmful events attributed to the use of medicines – occur as a cause of and during a significant proportion of unscheduled hospital admissions.
A careful medication history can assist a prescriber in understanding the patient's previous experiences with drug treatment, particularly in identifying previous ADRs that may preclude re-exposure to the drug.
Preventing ADRs depends on avoiding treatment in cohorts of patients who are at increased susceptibility or providing treatment under a therapeutic plan that reduces the risk of an adverse effect (eg co-administration of other drugs, monitoring blood test results).
Spontaneous reporting (using the Yellow Card Scheme in the UK) based on the suspicion of an ADR is an important part of pharmacovigilance but, overall, ADRs are vastly underreported across healthcare settings and sectors. If in doubt, it is best to submit a report.
Go to:
Basics of adverse drug reactions
An adverse drug reaction (ADR) can be defined as ‘an appreciably harmful or unpleasant reaction resulting from an intervention related to the use of a medicinal product; adverse effects usually predict hazard from future administration and warrant prevention, or specific treatment, or alteration of the dosage regimen, or withdrawal of the product’.1 Since 2012, the definition has included reactions occurring as a result of error, misuse or abuse, and to suspected reactions to medicines that are unlicensed or being used off-label in addition to the authorised use of a medicinal product in normal doses.2 While this change potentially alters the reporting and surveillance carried out by manufactures and medicines regulators, in clinical practice it should not affect our approach to managing ADRs.
Seminal research undertaken in the late 20th and early 21st century in the USA and the UK demonstrated that ADRs are a common manifestation in clinical practice, including as a cause of unscheduled hospital admissions, occurring during hospital admission and manifesting after discharge.3–6 The incidence of ADRs has remained relatively unchanged over time, with research suggesting that between 5% and 10% of patients may suffer from an ADR at admission, during admission or at discharge, despite various preventative efforts. Inevitably, the event frequency is associated with the method used to identify such events and the majority of ADRs do not cause serious systemic manifestations. Nevertheless, this frequency of potential harm needs to be considered carefully because it has associated morbidity and mortality, can be financially costly and has a potentially negative effect on the prescriber-patient relationship.
Medicines that have been particularly implicated in ADR-related hospital admissions include antiplatelets, anticoagulants, cytotoxics, immunosuppressants, diuretics, antidiabetics and antibiotics. Fatal ADRs, when they occur, are often attributable to haemorrhage, the most common suspected cause being an antithrombotic/anticoagulant co-administered with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).7
Go to:
Classification of adverse drug reactions
Traditionally, ADRs have been classified into two types:
adverse drug reactions Pharmacology for B. Pharm, D. Pharm & Nursing | Bhushan Science
0 Comments