1. Slit lamp biomicroscope: It uses a narrow beam of light and magnifies the view of the front of the eye.
2. Fundus photography: A digital camera attached to a low-powered microscope gives a close-up view of the retina, optic nerve and macula. It can help ophthalmologists monitor changes in a patient’s retina over time and spot warning signs such as leaky hemorrhages caused by diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration.
3. Optical coherence tomography (OCT): This technology involves a low-powered laser that goes through the pupil to measure thickness in the back of the eye although people don’t even touch the eye. It’s crucial for determining progression of RP and macular degeneration.
4. Fluorescein angiography: Also using a fundus camera, this diagnostic test requires a patient receive an injection of fluorescein dye in his or her arm just like when blood is drawn. The dye travels through the body to the eye’s blood vessels in around 15 seconds and the resulting contrast allows doctors to more clearly notice signs of diabetic retinopathy, vein and artery occlusion, edema and tumors.
5. Visual field testing: Visual field is how wide of an area your eye can see when you focus on a central point. It can determine if you have blind spots in your vision and where they are. A scotoma’s size and shape can show how the disease is affecting your vision.
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